THE ISHANGO BONE... Used for Math which is the Universal Language
The most interesting, of a large number of tools discovered in 1960 at Ishango, is a bone tool handle called the Ishango Bone (now located on the 19th floor of the Royal Institute for Natural Sciences of Belgium in Brussels, and can only be seen on special demand).
At one end of the Ishango Bone is a piece of quartz for writing, and the bone has a series of notches carved in groups (shown above). It was first thought these notches were some kind of tally marks as found to record counts all over the world.
However, the Ishango bone appears to be much more than a simple tally.
The markings on rows (a) and (b) each add to 60.
Row (b) contains the prime numbers between 10 and 20.
Row (a) is quite consistent with a numeration system based on 10, since the notches are grouped as 20 + 1, 20 - 1, 10 + 1, and 10 - 1.
Finally, row (c) seems to illustrate for the method of duplication (multiplication by 2) used more recently in Egyptian multiplication.
Recent studies with microscopes illustrate more markings and it is now understood the bone is also a lunar phase counter.
The site where the Ishango Bone was found was re-dated by Alison Brooks more than a dozen years ago and found to be 25,000 years old rather than the original estimate of 8,500 years.
However, the Lembombo Bone in Swaziland is still 10,000 years older, consistent with iron ore mining there going back 43,000 years ago. Proto-mathematics begins in Paleolithic Central and Southern Africa.
We are the originators of Math, Science and Civilization!
Some interesting facts below as it relates to mathematics which is the language of the universe!
As I was researching... as I often do ;-)
I noticed that, although it's common knowledge African's were the first humans on the planet and then migrated and populated the planet from Central/East Africa, the development of mathematics is often given to Europeans.
In fact science is discovering that the estimated dates humans left Africa is more like 400,000 years ago as oppose to 200,000 years ago originally calculated.
We know from science that going back greater than 40000 BC multiplication was being done using the Lembombo and then the Ishango Bones from Africa!
If you don't verify and check information then we are told lies like... In 30000 BC Paleolithic peoples in central Europe and France record numbers on bones and were the first to use math.
And Cro-Magnon were the first humans on the planet.
NOT TRUE!!
More WHITEWASHED HIS-STORY!
As mentioned multiplication was being done in Africa probably even before Grimaldi Man developed ancient Europe in the much earlier Paleolithic era.
Then they state which disciplines were used at different times in history but many records don't give credit to the African's!
Many times they will use technical terms like Egypt or Babylonia or Phoenecia but leave out these were black people!
It's like calling Egypt the Middle East when Egypt is in North Africa!
Below are some of these dates and also information about the Ishango Bone!
*Around 25000 BC
Early geometric designs used.
*Around 5000 BC
A decimal number system is in use in Egypt.
*Around 4000 BC
Babylonian and Egyptian calendars in use.
*Around 3400 BC
The first symbols for numbers, simple straight lines, are used in Egypt.
*Around 3000 BC
The abacus is developed in the Middle East and in areas around the Mediterranean.
Hieroglyphic numerals in use in Egypt.
Babylonians begin to use a sexagesimal number system for recording financial transactions.
It is a place-value system without a zero place value.
*Around 2770 BC
Egyptian calendar used.
*Around 2000 BC
Harappans adopt a uniform decimal system of weights and measures.
*Around 1950 BC
Babylonians solve quadratic equations.
*Around1900 BC
The Moscow papyrus (also called the Golenishev papyrus) is written.
It gives details of Egyptian geometry.
*Around 1850 BC
Babylonians know Pythagoras's Theorem.
*Around 1800 BC
Babylonians use multiplication tables.
*Around 1750 BC
The Babylonians solve linear and quadratic algebraic equations, compile tables of square and cube roots.
They use Pythagoras's theorem and use mathematics to extend knowledge of astronomy.
*Around 1700 BC
The Rhind papyrus (sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus) is written.
It shows that Egyptian mathematics has developed many techniques to solve problems.
Multiplication is based on repeated doubling, and division uses successive halving.
*Around 1400 BC
About this date a decimal number system with no zero starts to be used in China.
*Around 800 BC
Baudhayana is the author of one of the earliest of the Indian Sulbasutras.
*Around 750 BC
Manava writes a Sulbasutra.
*Around 600 BC
Apastamba writes the most interesting Indian Sulbasutra from a mathematical point of view.
*Around 575 BC
Thales brings Babylonian mathematical knowledge to Greece.
He uses geometry to solve problems such as calculating the height of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore.
*Around 530 BC
Pythagoras of Samos moves to Croton in Italy and teaches mathematics, geometry, music, and reincarnation.
*Around 500 BC
The Babylonian sexagesimal number system is used to record and predict the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets.
Panini's work on Sanskrit grammar is the forerunner of the modern formal language theory.
KEEP IN MIND THESE EARLY CULTURES WERE AFRICAN AND TAUGHT THE PLANET!
