Carthage, A Great African City Long before the rise of Rome and far from the sands of the Nile, a brilliant city glittered along the coast of North Africa—Carthage. Founded by the Phoenicians around 814 BCE, it would become a titan of trade, culture, and naval power. But Carthage was more than just a maritime empire—it was a symbol of African sophistication and ingenuity. The city’s legend begins with Queen Dido, a woman of cunning and courage. Fleeing tyranny in Tyre (modern-day Lebanon), she landed on the North African coast. There, she cleverly negotiated with a local Berber king for as much land as could be encompassed by a single oxhide. Dido then cut the hide into thin strips and circled an entire hill—Byrsa—where she laid the foundations of Carthage. It was an early sign of Carthaginian brilliance: diplomacy wrapped in strategy. By the 4th century BCE, Carthage controlled much of the western Mediterranean. Its harbors were engineering marvels, with a circular military dock and a central command tower that astounded ancient visitors. Ships poured in with gold from West Africa, grain from the Maghreb, wine from Iberia, and spices from faraway lands. Carthage became not just a city, but a hub of African and Mediterranean connection. Its people were scientists, farmers, poets, and warriors. They cultivated the land with terraced farming techniques still studied today. Carthaginian explorers like Hanno the Navigator journeyed down the West African coast, possibly as far as modern-day Cameroon—centuries before European “discoverers.” But Carthage’s glory attracted envy. Its greatest rival, Rome, would stop at nothing to destroy it. The Punic Wars raged for over a century. Carthage’s general Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with elephants, terrifying Rome and proving Africa’s military genius. Yet despite such feats, the city fell in 146 BCE after a brutal siege. The Romans razed it to the ground, sowing salt into the soil—so the story goes—to ensure it would never rise again. But Carthage did rise. Centuries later, it became a major city again under Roman rule. And today, in the ruins near modern Tunis, the stones whisper of its greatness—of Queen Dido, of Hannibal, of a proud African city that once ruled the seas. Carthage was not merely a rival to Rome—it was its equal, a jewel of African civilization.